Glossary F

1. El Bulli, Spain (1)

2. The Fat Duck, UK (2)

3. Noma, Denmark (10)

4. Mugaritz, Spain (4)

5. El Celler de Can Roca, Spain (26)

6. Per Se, US (6)

7. Bras, France (7)

8. Arzak, Spain (8)

9. Pierre Gagnaire, France (3)

10. Alinea, US (21)

11. L'Astrance, France (11)

12. The French Laundry, US (5)

13. Osteria Francescana, Italy (new entry)

14. St. John, UK (16)

15. Le Bernardin, US (20)

16. Restaurant de l'Hotel de Ville, Switzerland (27)

17. Tetsuya's, Australia (9)

18. L'Atelier de Joel Robuchon, France (14)

19. Jean Georges, US (17)

20. Les Creations de Narisawa, Japan (new entry)

21 Chez Dominique, Finland (39)

22. Ristorante Cracco, Italy (43)

23. Die Schwarzwaldstube, Germany (35)

24. D.O.M., Brazil (40)

25. Vendome, Germany (34)

26. Hof van Cleve, Belgium (28)

27. Masa, US (re-entry)

28. Gambero Rosso, Italy (12)

29. Oud Sluis, Netherlands (42)

30. Steirereck, Austria (new entry)

31. Momofuku Ssam Bar, US (new entry)

32. Oaxen Skargardskrog, Sweden (48)

33. Martin Berasategui, Spain (29)

34. Nobu, UK (30)

35. Mirazur, France (new entry)

36. Hakkasan, UK (19)

37. Le Quartier Francais, South Africa (5)

38. La Colombe, South Africa (re-entry)

39. Asador Etxbarri, Spain (44)

40. Le Chateaubriand, France (new entry)

41. Daniel, US (41)

42. Combal Zero, Italy (re-entry)

43. Le Louis XV, France (15)

44. Tantris, Germany (47)

45. Iggy's, Singapore (new entry)

46. Quay, Australia (new entry)

47. Les Ambassadeurs, France (45)

48. Dal Pescatore, Italy (23)

49. Le Calandre, Italy ( 36)

50. Mathias Dahlgren, Sweden (new entry)

Source: S. Pellegrino

Note: the numbers in bracket is for 2008 Ranking. We will come up with the past lists soon and more information about the addresses and names of the chef of the 2009 list.

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Jumbo and Maggi Cubes which are both brands of food seasoning that are similar to bouillon cube are widely used to season all types of Gambian dishes and fare, from sauces to sandwiches. They are available at the market and most local shops in Gambia.

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In Gambia, food play an important part of ceremonial occasions or celebrations, such as naming ceremonies, betrothals, marriages, and deaths. At these occasions, meat is served along with Jollof rice and fruit. The more food it is served during these occassions, the more successful the occasions are.

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In India, Dal is the generic name for raw split legumes, and also for the cooked dishes made from them. The legumes (from the Latin "legere,” to gather) constitute a family of plants that bear several seeds in a pod, a somewhat fleshy fruit that can be eaten as a vegetable before it dries out.

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When the Spaniards came to the Philippines in 1521, the Filipinos were already trading with China, Japan, Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and the Moluccas. The Spanish government continued trade relations with these countries, and the Manila became the center of commerce in the East. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea. This might explain why Filipino food was fluenced by these countries. Pancit from the Chinese, Mechado and Morcon from Spain, Estofado from Mexico, etc.

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Iranian Kababs are usually sprinkled with Somaq or Sumac and are accompanied by raw onion and a bowl of yoghurt (Mast) and grilled tomato.

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Game such as antelope, ostrich or zebra cooked on a Braai (barbecue ) is a speciality of Namibia. They are also made into German-inspired sausages, like Rauchfleish (smoked-meat) and Boerewors (sausage) and Biltong, an air-dried meat. Namibia is a very meat-orientated society, and many of their foods or meat dishes are made from one animal or another.

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Peppers are used extensively in all three areas of Spain, namely, Navarra, La Rioja and Aragon, A la Riojana which usually indicates the addition of peppers to any given dish , is almost identical to the Chilindrones preparation in Navarra and Aragon

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Contrary to popular belief, cows do not have 4 stomachs; they have 4 digestive compartments: * The rumen holds up to 50 gallons of partially digested food. This is where cud comes from. Good bacteria in the rumen helps digest the cows food and provides protein for the cow. * The reticulum is called the hardware stomach because if cows accidentally eat hardware (like a piece of fencing scrap), it will often lodge here causing no further damage. * The omasum is sort of like a filter. * The abomasum which is like our stomach. 1. The Rumen - this is the largest part and holds up to 50 gallons of partially digested food. This is where the 'cud' comes from. Good bacteria in the Rumen helps soften and digest the cows food and provides protein for the cow. 2. The Recticulum - this part of the stomach is called the "hardware" stomach. This is because if the cow eats something it should not have like a peice of fencing, it lodges here in the Recticulum. However, the contractions of the reticulum can force the object into the peritoneal cavity where it initiates inflammation. Nails and screws can even peroferate the heart. The grass that has been eaten is also softened further in this stomach section and is formed into small wads of cud. Each cud returns to the cows mouth and is chewed 40 - 60 times and then swallowed properly. 3. The Omasum - this part of the stomach is a "filter". It filters through all the food the cow eats. The cud is also pressed and broken down further. 4. The Abomasum - this part of the stomach is like a humans stomach and is connected to the intestines. Here, the food is finally digested by the cows stomach juices and essential nutrients that the cow needs are passed through the bloodstream. The rest is passed through to the intestines. A little poem about the cows stomach! Brown Cow No wander you're always eating, On the plains and on the hill, Brown cow, no doubt you're hungry, You have four stomachs to fill!

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The traditional drink in Mali is the Malian Tea which should be drunk in three (3) stages: the first is very strong (as bitter as death); the second is slightly sweetened (just like life); and the third is well sugared (as sweet as love). Visitors to Mali may be invited to partake in this tea ritual. Mali is a landlocked republic in the African continent which shares borders with Mauritania, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Niger and Senegal.

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