Glossary F
Fuchka refers to a vegetarian snack relished by a large population of Indians. This spicy and tangy snack comes in tiny, hollow, pillow-shaped, puffed crisp wheat balls, stuffed with a mixture of boiled potato, boiled gram and roasted spices and filled with sour water of tamarind. It has its origin in Varanasi, where Pudina and roasted red chili powder is a special addition. Variations of Fuchka are also available with different stuffings , as in Panipuri of Mumbai, Golgappa of Delhi, Fuchka of West Bengal and Gupchup of Jharkhand.
Fatali Pepper refers to a variety of hot or spicy pepper; one the hottest peppers known whichi scores near record-heat on pepper heat scales and even beats most Habanero's. It is one of the top 5 or 6 hottest peppers known. It ranges 100,000 to 300,000 on the Scoville Scale, but commonly tests at 250,000 or more.
Fatali Pepper tree produces golden yellow fruits that grow to 3" and have a citrus-like flavor beneath their intense heat. Originally from the Central African Republic. Fatali are green when young and turn yellow as they mature with fruits around 3" long.
While Fatali is very spicy or hot, it has an excellent citrusy flavor with a taste of lemon and sometimes peach and the fruit contains few seeds.
Fatali Pepper is listed as one of the heirloom foods known to men.
Contrary to popular belief, cows do not have 4 stomachs; they have 4 digestive compartments:
* The rumen holds up to 50 gallons of partially digested food. This is where cud comes from. Good bacteria in the rumen helps digest the cows food and provides protein for the cow.
* The reticulum is called the hardware stomach because if cows accidentally eat hardware (like a piece of fencing scrap), it will often lodge here causing no further damage.
* The omasum is sort of like a filter.
* The abomasum which is like our stomach.
1. The Rumen - this is the largest part and holds up to 50 gallons of partially digested food. This is where the 'cud' comes from. Good bacteria in the Rumen helps soften and digest the cows food and provides protein for the cow.
2. The Recticulum - this part of the stomach is called the "hardware" stomach. This is because if the cow eats something it should not have like a peice of fencing, it lodges here in the Recticulum. However, the contractions of the reticulum can force the object into the peritoneal cavity where it initiates inflammation. Nails and screws can even peroferate the heart. The grass that has been eaten is also softened further in this stomach section and is formed into small wads of cud. Each cud returns to the cows mouth and is chewed 40 - 60 times and then swallowed properly.
3. The Omasum - this part of the stomach is a "filter". It filters through all the food the cow eats. The cud is also pressed and broken down further.
4. The Abomasum - this part of the stomach is like a humans stomach and is connected to the intestines. Here, the food is finally digested by the cows stomach juices and essential nutrients that the cow needs are passed through the bloodstream. The rest is passed through to the intestines.
A little poem about the cows stomach!
Brown Cow
No wander you're always eating,
On the plains and on the hill,
Brown cow, no doubt you're hungry,
You have four stomachs to fill!